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Revision Notes on Management of Natural Resources Natural Resources are obtained from earth and its environment. Natural resources are classified as- Renewable resources which are continuously available for use. They do not get exhausted with time.  For Example , Sunlight, Wind, Water etc. Non-renewable Resources  are those which gets exhausted with time. They are present in limited amount on the earth.  For Example , Minerals. Natural Resources  are also classified as biotic and abiotic resources. Biotic Resources  can be obtained from forests, animals etc.  For Example , Fossil Fuels. Abiotic Resources  are those that come from non-living and non-organic material. There are three important terminologies used which are as follows- Refuse : Say no to things that are offered to an individual.  For Example , an individual say no to buy plastic products. Reduce : Minimize the use of anything.  For Example , minimize the use o...

Revision Notes on Our Environment Things around us is known as  Environment . It consists of living component also known as biotic component and non-living component also known as  Abiotic Component. Ecosystem The interaction between abiotic and biotic components is defined as ecosystem.  It is a self sustaining and functional unit of biosphere. The term ecosystem was coined by Sir Arthur Tansley (OLYMPIAD) Types of Ecosystem There are two types of ecosystem- natural ecosystem and artificial ecosystem. The ecosystem present naturally is known as  Natural Ecosystem. Example of Natural Ecosystem are forests, grasslands, deserts, ponds, lakes, rivers, estuaries, sea. The ecosystem which is man-made is known as  Artificial Ecosystem . For Example Gardens, Aquariums and Agro ecosystem which is the largest manmade ecosystem. Fig.1. Components of ecosystem Abiotic Factors Include  - Climatic factors such as rain, temperature, wind etc. Another ab...

Revision Notes on Sources of Energy The largest source of energy on land is sunlight. There are different purposes for which energy is needed such as for food, for lightning, transport, running machines etc. A good source of energy should be- Cheap and easily available. Safe in handling and use. Do not cause any environment pollution. Easy to store and transport. Fuels Materials that are burnt and used to store energy are defined as fuels.  For Example , Wood, Coal etc. Features of Good Fuel- It should have high calorific value. It should not produce smoke while burning. Cheap and easily available. Easy to handle and safe to transport. Convenient in storage. Sources of Energy There are two types of Sources of Energy - Conventional Sources of Energy and Non-conventional Sources of Energy. Conventional sources of energy include the fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum. Non-conventional sources include solar cooker, solar cell panel et...

Revision Notes on Magnetic Effect of Electric Current Any substance that attracts iron and iron like objects is defined as magnet. When a wire carries an electric current, it behaves as a magnet. Properties of Magnet Every magnet has north and south poles. Same poles repel each other and unlike poles attract each other. A freely suspended magnet will align itself in north south direction, north facing north of the magnet and south facing south of the magnet. Characteristics of Field Lines Field lines arise from north pole and end into south pole of the magnet. They are closed curves. Field lines never intersect each other. Direction of magnetic field lines inside the magnet is from south to north. Magnetic Field of a Bar Magnet Hold the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of right hand at right angles to each other. If the forefinger is in direction of magnetic field and the thumb points in the direction of motion of conductor, than the direction of...

Revision Notes on Electricity Charge Protons and electrons possess some charge. Proton has positive charge. Electron has negative charge. Neutron does not possess any charge. Like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. Conductors and Insulators Conductors are those materials in which electrons can move freely. All metals are conductors. Insulators do not have any free electrons to move.  For example , wood and plastic. Electric Current The flow of electric charge is known as  Electric Current . It is expressed in terms of rate of flow of charges. The SI unit of electric current is Ampere (A). Direction of electric current is same as direction of positive charges and opposite to the direction of flow of negative charges. Potential Difference Work done per unit charge in taking charge from one point to another is known as  Potential Difference . The unit of potential difference is volt (V). 1V is defined as the potential dif...